UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Russia, Marianna Katsarova, published data indicating widespread violations of international law regarding Ukrainian prisoners of war. According to her, approximately 90% of Ukrainian detainees whose cases are being heard by Russian courts are being prosecuted on terrorism charges, ignoring their legitimate status as prisoners of war.
Violations of the Geneva Conventions
As Katsarova noted, the Russian authorities have designated the Azov Battalion as a terrorist organisation. This decision has served as grounds for trying members of this unit, despite their status as prisoners of war, under articles related to terrorism.
«Це стосується більшості українських бранців у Росії, справи яких розглядають суди, зокрема військові. Можливо, 90 відсотків з них обвинувачують у злочинах, пов’язаних із тероризмом, а не в участі в бойових діях» (This concerns the majority of Ukrainian detainees in Russia whose cases are being heard by courts, including military ones. Perhaps 90 per cent of them are being charged with crimes related to terrorism, rather than participation in hostilities), the rapporteur emphasised.
She reminded that the Geneva Conventions guarantee protection for prisoners of war in accordance with the norms of international humanitarian law. Servicemen may be held liable for participation in hostilities, but charging them with terrorism solely for the fact of participating in the war is unacceptable.
Statistics on deaths and systemic torture
According to UN data, 438 Ukrainian citizens have died in Russian captivity. Katsarova emphasised that the torture of detainees remains a systemic practice, and those responsible for these crimes rarely face punishment.
«Машина катувань працює на повну потужність, а до українських бранців ставляться особливо жорстоко через високий рівень безкарності. Іноді катування українських в’язнів може навіть стати підставою для підвищення по службі» (The torture machine is operating at full capacity, and Ukrainian detainees are treated with particular cruelty due to the high level of impunity. Sometimes, the torture of Ukrainian prisoners can even serve as grounds for promotion), she stated.
The case of Nataliia Vlasova
The rapporteur cited examples of the torture of civilian Ukrainian female detainees. In particular, she spoke about the story of Nataliia Vlasova, who was raped and tortured by representatives of the armed formations of the so-called "DNR". Electric current was applied to the woman, and her teeth were sawed off with a metal file.
Vlasova reported these crimes during a court hearing at a military court in Rostov. However, instead of initiating an investigation, the court sentenced her to 18 years and two months of imprisonment. The woman is currently held in a Russian penal colony.
«У мене є список із двох десятків жінок, але насправді їх набагато більше» (I have a list of two dozen women, but in reality there are many more), Katsarova noted.
Mechanisms for holding perpetrators accountable
Among the tools for holding perpetrators accountable, the rapporteur named the International Criminal Court and the principle of universal jurisdiction. This principle allows states to open proceedings against specific perpetrators of international crimes.
For the implementation of these mechanisms, according to Katsarova, funding, political will, and appropriate resources are necessary. She also emphasised the critical importance of documenting crimes for future court proceedings.
An important result of her work, the rapporteur considers the creation of a UN mandate for monitoring and preparing reports on the human rights situation in Russia.
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